Preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease.

VACCINATIONS Patients with IBD are often treated with long-term immunosuppressive therapies and may thus be at increased risk for infections, many of which are preventable with vaccinations (1). All adult patients with IBD, regardless of immunosuppression status, should receive non-live vaccines, including trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccination (PCV13 and PPSV23), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hemophilus influenza B, human papilloma virus (HPV), tetanus, and pertussis (2,3). However, when patients are receiving immunosuppressive therapies with combined thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, serologic responses to vaccines are impaired (4-7).